中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
AI医生出手 居家筛查宝宝视功能****** 广州日报讯 (全媒体记者梁超仪 通讯员邰梦云、唐艳丽)宝宝最近总是揉眼、不断眨眼，是不是视力有问题？看诊不会配合检查怎么办？过往，婴幼儿视力评估充满了挑战，这一群体的眼健康普筛也存在空白。如今这一现状得以打破。 日前，中山大学中山眼科中心召开新闻发布会，该中心林浩添教授团队联合全球多家医疗及研发机构，研发全球首个婴幼儿视功能损伤手机智能筛查系统，研究成果于1月26日在《Nature Medicine》在线发表，为破解婴幼儿视功能损伤及相关眼病早期筛诊难题提供有效技术手段。 目前，团队与粤省事等公众平台进行对接和部署，为婴幼儿视功能损伤及相关眼病的大规模筛查提供可行方案。此外，市民搜索小程序“Ai宝睛灵”，即可便捷在家首尝“头啖汤”。 历时八年采集3652名婴幼儿视力数据 林浩添教授介绍，0-4岁婴幼儿处于视功能发育的关键时期。在这个阶段发生的眼病如果不能及时干预治疗，很可能导致患者长达几十年低视力甚至致盲，给家庭和社会带来沉重的负担。据国家疾控中心数据显示，全国5000万0-4岁婴幼儿中，眼病发病率高达9.11%，早筛早治是提高婴幼儿视功能预后的关键。 对婴幼儿进行视功能评估，早期发现眼部疾患引起的视功能损伤十分关键，却充满挑战。由于婴幼儿难以表达眼部不适，视功能损伤易被忽视或漏诊，错过最佳的治疗时机。其次，受限于认知水平，婴幼儿难以配合完成传统的眼部检查。此外，大部分检查手段对于技术人员的专业水平与设备要求高，筛查成本高，效能低，难以作为普筛技术手段普及。 为破解这一难题，该研究团队历时八年，前瞻性采集来自3652名婴幼儿的超过2500万帧注视行为大数据，依托天河二号超算中心部署的深度学习人工智能数据分析后台，对采集的数据进行深度分析，早期预警异常注视行为，筛检婴幼儿视功能损伤及相关眼病。 该技术的研发创新婴幼儿视功能损伤移动智能筛诊模式，有望极大降低婴幼儿视功能损伤早期筛诊的难度及成本。 可初筛超16种婴幼儿常见致盲眼病 记者进入小程序发现，居家用手机操作十分方便，在实操中，家长通过手机播放一段3分钟的动画视频吸引婴幼儿保持注视，可以实现对婴幼儿注视习惯和行为模式的实时捕捉，随后该系统会给出初筛的结果。 林浩添介绍，在这个人工智能系统中，研究团队基于视频大数据，深度挖掘了不同眼病引起的婴幼儿视功能损伤的异常注视行为模态，并依托深度学习人工智能技术，突破性地实现了对先天性白内障、先天性上睑下垂、先天性青光眼、斜视、视网膜母细胞瘤等超16种婴幼儿常见致盲眼病引起视功能损伤的早期检测，平均筛查准确率超85%。而在实际应用中，系统在全国4家医疗机构参与的多中心外部验证中的筛查准确率超80%。同时，研究团队招募了120个家庭参与居家筛查，便捷的系统操作流程使得99%的家长都能顺利完成筛查试验，筛查准确率达85.9%。 “我们希望通过这一人工智能系统，让有需要的家长居家便可以便捷帮助婴幼儿视力进行普筛，辨别视力状况是正常还是异常，有异常状况通过去医院专科就诊确诊具体的眼疾。”林浩添介绍。据了解，这一系统已在小程序“Ai宝睛灵”试运行上线，下一步在小程序“粤睛晶”中也计划引入。此外，该团队正与粤省事对接，希望可以在广东范围内大范围普及，后续有条件覆盖全国有需要的市民。 水立方彩票地图 |
